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課程介紹
After the Sharpeville Massacre in March 21, 1960 in South Africa,
The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was formed by Steve Biko, as a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that arose in South Africa in the mid-1960s from the political void created by the imprisonment and ban of the leadership of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress.
On 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township, Sharpeville, Transvaal, the Sharpeville massacre took place.
A crowd of about 7,000 demonstrators marched to the police station after a day of protests against pass laws (In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the African people, manage urbanization.
The purpose of the pass laws was to control the influx of black people to the major metropolitan areas, (which for decade’s were seen as part of “white South Africa”- to date they still are, according to government ideology, and to encourage blacks to remain in their own homeland areas, which constitute approximately 13% of the total land area
Pass laws and apartheid policies prohibited black people from entering urban areas without immediately finding a job. It was illegal for a black person not to carry a passbook. Black people could not marry white people. They could not set up businesses in white areas.
The Sharpville massacre where 69 African people were brutally gunned down by the police in what is believed was one of the most cruel killing of the African people who were demonstrating against Apartheid (an institutionalised system introduced by the regime to racially oppress, segregate and exclude) the majority African people from the mainstream economic activities through white supremacy which ensured that the African people were dominated economically, socially and politically by the minority white settlers.
Subsequent to the massacre, , The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was formed by Steve Biko, as a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that arose in South Africa in the mid-1960s from the political void created by the imprisonment and ban of the leadership of the Pan Africanist Congress and African National Congress.
The Black Consciousness ideology reflects group pride and the black determination to rise and achieve the expected self. At the heart of this kind of thought is the black awareness that the mind of the oppressed is the most powerful tool in the hands of the oppressor.
The lesson is based on the chronological history of events from when the Dutch Settlers first set foot at the tip of Southern Africa (Cape Town in 1652) to the time the Sharpeville massacre took place and beyond.
We will also learn more about Steve Biko, his prominence in Anti- apartheid movement through peaceful defiance campaigns and how he eventually was brutally assassinated by the apartheid police in September 12, 1977.
Lesson Plan:
a) Ice breaker & Intro (5min)
b) Purpose (Why the lesson) (5min)
c) Define & outline learning outcomes (5min)
d) Guided discussion (40min)
e) Recap & close (5min)
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