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Continuing from Part 1, today we’ll look at how to explain the method of doing something and the tools used to do it.
3. When explaining the method of doing something, you can use “by + (gerund).” This structure focuses on an action that is done in order to accomplish another action.
Ex. We could get there by taking the subway or by hopping on the 47 bus. (The goal is to get somewhere and the method is by taking the subway or a bus.)
Ex. You can probably get a refund by contacting customer service. (The goal is to get a refund and the method is by contacting customer service.)
This structure is typically used to explain how you did something or intend to do something or to give advice to someone about how to do something.
4. When indicating the tool used for doing something, you can use “with + (noun)” (a “tool,” in this case, can be any kind of object, equipment, device, or body part). This structure focuses on a tool that is used to accomplish an action.
Ex. I pried the lid off with a screwdriver.
Ex. Just hold these two pieces together with your hand for a moment.
In some contexts, such as when speaking about communication or transportation, “by + (noun)” can also be used.
Ex. If I can’t reach him by phone, I’ll send an email.
Ex. If possible, we would prefer to travel by train.
Note: These examples refer to general modes of communication and transportation, so avoid making them specific by saying something like “by your phone” or “by my car.”
Ex. We’ll go there by my car. (incorrect)
Ex. We’ll go there by car. (correct)
Well, that’s probably enough for now! I hope that by using these structures you will be able to talk about how you do things, why you do things, and what tools are used to do those things!
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