French Verb Groups

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Les Groupes de Verbes en Français

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1. The First Group (Le Premier Groupe): Verbs Ending in -ER

This is by far the largest and most regular group of verbs in French.

  • Characteristics: All verbs ending in -er in the infinitive belong to this group.
  • Examples:
    • parler (to speak)
    • aimer (to like/love)
    • travailler (to work)
    • manger (to eat)
    • donner (to give)
  • Conjugation (Present Tense Example): Generally, you remove the -er and add the standard endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent.
    • Je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent.
  • One Major Exception: The verb aller (to go) ends in -er but is highly irregular and belongs to the third group. It's the only -er verb that doesn't follow the regular pattern.

2. The Second Group (Le Deuxième Groupe): Regular Verbs Ending in -IR

This group consists of a specific set of -ir verbs that follow a very consistent conjugation pattern.

  • Characteristics: These verbs end in -ir and notably include an "-iss-" in their nous, vous, and ils/elles forms in many tenses (like the present indicative).
  • Examples:
    • finir (to finish)
    • choisir (to choose)
    • réussir (to succeed)
    • grandir (to grow)
    • grossir (to gain weight)
  • Conjugation (Present Tense Example): You remove the -ir and add: -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent.
    • Je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent.
  • Important Note: Not all verbs ending in -ir belong to this group! Many -ir verbs are irregular and fall into the third group (e.g., partir, venir, dormir). You'll learn to recognize them over time.

3. The Third Group (Le Troisième Groupe): All Other Verbs (Irregular Verbs)

This is the most complex group because it includes all verbs that don't fit into the first two categories. They are largely irregular.

  • Characteristics:
    • Verbs ending in -re (e.g., prendre, vendre, dire).
    • Verbs ending in -oir (e.g., voir, vouloir, pouvoir).
    • A large number of irregular -ir verbs (e.g., partir, venir, dormir, ouvrir).
    • The single -er verb: aller (to go).
  • Examples:
    • être (to be) - highly irregular
    • avoir (to have) - highly irregular
    • faire (to do/make)
    • aller (to go)
    • venir (to come)
    • prendre (to take)
    • vouloir (to want)
  • Conjugation: There are no universal rules for conjugating these verbs. Each irregular verb has its own specific pattern (or patterns!) that needs to be learned, often by memorization and practice.

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French Verb Groups
50min
2,000P
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