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Insights into English PHONETICS (4 50-MINUTE LESSONS)
Mastering Sound, Flow and Natural Speech in English
課程包資訊
此為 4 堂課程的課程包。當講師確定第 1 堂課程預約後，另外 3 堂將會以優惠券的形式自動發送供之後預約使用。請注意，課程包優惠券使用期限為第 1 堂課程時間後的 20 天內。
課程應按時間順序預約，即第 2 堂課程的時間應在第 1 堂之後。以此類推。
課程應按時間順序預約，即第 2 堂課程的時間應在第 1 堂之後。以此類推。
課程介紹
Course Overview
This 4-lesson pronunciation program (each lesson 50 minutes) is designed to help learners of all levels develop clear, natural-sounding English. You’ll move from practicing individual sounds to understanding how English flows in connected speech. The course combines theory, perception work, and guided production so you can improve your intelligibility and confidence.
Course-wide Aims
• Improve your ability to hear and produce key English sounds and speech patterns.
• Increase clarity and natural rhythm when speaking connected English.
• Develop awareness of how English pronunciation works, so you can self-correct and keep improving.
• Build practical strategies to use pronunciation practice effectively in and outside the classroom.
By the End of the Course, You Will Be Able To
• Distinguish and pronounce common minimal pairs accurately.
• Use correct voicing, aspiration, and release for English plosive sounds.
• Recognize and use assimilation and elision in connected speech.
• Produce the American/General-English flap T/D in natural contexts.
• Read and record short passages using fluent, natural speech patterns.
Lesson 1 — Minimal Pairs & Sound Awareness
Aim
To build perception and production accuracy through awareness of minimal pairs and sound features such as voicing, vowel length, and aspiration.
Learning Objectives
After this lesson, you will:
• Identify and pronounce at least 20 minimal-pair examples correctly.
• Explain the main articulatory differences (mouth, tongue, voicing) for each contrast practiced.
Key Concepts
Minimal pairs are word pairs that differ by only one sound (e.g., ship/sheep, bit/beat). Learning to distinguish them improves both listening and speaking clarity.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up: Quick listening game — teacher says one of two words, students indicate which one they heard.
• Sound awareness: Visual explanation with simple IPA symbols and diagrams showing tongue and mouth positions. You’ll feel the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds by touching your throat and observing vibration.
• Listening discrimination: Identify words from minimal-pair lists at both slow and natural speeds, comparing answers with classmates.
• Production drills: Repeat after the teacher chorally and individually, practicing words and short phrases such as “I saw a sheep in the field.”
• Interactive games: Play minimal-pair bingo or find-your-partner activities using word cards and listening cues.
• Reflection: Review common pronunciation difficulties and micro-tips for improvement.
Homework
Record a short audio (1–2 minutes) reading 12 sentences containing minimal pairs studied in class. Focus on accuracy and clarity.
Teacher Notes / Adaptation
Lower levels will use simpler contrasts and visuals; higher levels may include more vowel distinctions and IPA transcription.
Lesson 2 — PLOSIVE Sounds: Articulation, Aspiration, and Release
Aim
To master the articulation and use of English plosives (/p, b, t, d, k, g/), including voicing, aspiration, and release patterns in connected speech.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will:
• Produce aspirated and unaspirated plosives naturally in different word positions.
• Distinguish between released and unreleased plosives in common phrases.
Key Concepts
Plosives (also called “stop” sounds) involve stopping and releasing airflow. In English, voiceless plosives (/p, t, k/) are aspirated at the start of stressed syllables (a small puff of air), while voiced plosives (/b, d, g/) are not.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up review: Refresh voicing knowledge from Lesson 1 with quick examples (e.g., pat/bat, ten/den).
• Articulation practice: Demonstration of closure and release using the hand-in-front-of-mouth technique to feel aspiration.
• Perception and production: Listen to and pronounce word pairs like pin/bin, tip/dip, coat/goat, first in isolation and then in context.
• Released vs. unreleased plosives: Practice differences in phrases such as stop (unreleased) vs. stop it (released before a vowel).
• Connected speech practice: Shadow natural phrases like get up, put it on, take a look, linking plosives smoothly.
• Pair task: Create and record a short dialogue (6–8 lines) containing plosives in various positions; exchange feedback with peers.
• Class feedback: Listen to selected recordings to highlight clear articulation and areas for improvement.
Homework
Write and record 8 sentences featuring initial aspirated, final unreleased, and plosive-cluster words. Self-evaluate with a checklist provided in class.
Lesson 3 — Assimilation and Elision in Connected Speech
Aim
To help you recognize and use assimilation and elision so your speech sounds more natural and your listening comprehension improves.
Learning Objectives
You will learn to:
• Identify assimilation and elision in spoken English.
• Produce these patterns naturally in short sentences and dialogues.
Key Concepts
• Assimilation: One sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound for easier pronunciation (e.g., green park → /griːm pɑːk/).
• Elision: A sound is omitted to make speech faster and smoother (e.g., next day → /neks deɪ/).
These processes are common in natural speech and make English sound more fluid and connected.
Activities and Focus
• Lead-in: Listen to two versions of a phrase — careful and casual — and notice differences.
• Explanation and examples: Learn typical assimilation patterns (e.g., ten boys → /tem bɔɪz/) and elision cases (dropping /t/ in next day).
• Listening discrimination: Identify where assimilation or elision occurs in short recordings.
• Guided repetition: Repeat example sentences first carefully, then naturally, noticing how the sounds merge or disappear.
• Transformation practice: Convert “careful” phrases into more natural spoken forms (e.g., He has to go → He hafta go).
• Role-plays: Practice short conversations (ordering food, telling a story) while applying connected-speech features.
• Awareness reading: Mark reductions in a short paragraph and then read it aloud naturally.
Homework
Transcribe about one minute of authentic English conversation (teacher-provided or podcast). Mark at least three examples of assimilation or elision and explain why they happen.
Lesson 4 — The Flap T/D and Course Integration
Aim
To teach the American/General English flap T/D and integrate all pronunciation features studied throughout the course.
Learning Objectives
After this final lesson, you will:
• Recognize and produce the flap [ɾ] in appropriate contexts (e.g., city, water, better).
• Deliver a short recording that demonstrates accurate use of minimal pairs, plosives, assimilation, elision, and the flap.
Key Concepts
In American and some General-English varieties, the /t/ or /d/ between vowels often becomes a quick, soft flap [ɾ]. For example:
• butter → /ˈbʌɾər/
• city → /ˈsɪɾi/
The flap does not occur in all contexts — usually only between vowels when the second one is unstressed.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up discrimination: Identify the flap in pairs like city, kitty, committee.
• Mini-lesson: Understand when flapping occurs and when it doesn’t. Compare writer/rider and discuss how vowel length and stress help listeners distinguish them.
• Perception drills: Choose the correct word from minimal-pair recordings (latter/ladder, writer/rider).
• Production drills: Practice both flapped and non-flapped versions of sentences; notice rhythm differences (e.g., I’ll write it down vs. I’ll ride it down).
• Integrated performance: Work in small groups with a short script containing minimal pairs, plosives, connected-speech patterns, and flaps.
• Mark pronunciation targets.
• Rehearse and record a 1-minute dialogue demonstrating clear, natural speech.
• Peer feedback: Exchange recordings and use a rubric to comment on accuracy, connectedness, and natural rhythm.
• Teacher highlights: Listen to model examples and note common strengths or difficulties.
Final Assessment Rubric (Simplified)
CriteriaMax ScoreDescriptionPronunciation accuracy5Clear articulation of sounds and minimal pairsConnected speech5Natural use of assimilation, elision, and flapIntelligibility & naturalness5Easy to understand, good flowFluency & rhythm5Smooth pacing and stress patterns
Each student receives a total score and short personalized feedback on what to continue practicing.
Homework / Ongoing Practice
Keep a daily 2-minute pronunciation diary for one week. Read short texts aloud focusing on one pronunciation area per day (e.g., minimal pairs, plosives, connected speech).
Optional for advanced learners: analyze one minute of an American English recording, identifying flaps and connected-speech patterns.
Course Assessment and Follow-Up
• Formative assessment: Continuous observation during class and review of homework recordings.
• Summative assessment: Final recorded performance (Lesson 4) evaluated using the rubric above.
• Feedback and improvement: You’ll receive two concrete recommendations for continued practice after the course ends.
Optional Extension
Students who wish to continue may take an advanced follow-up focused on English rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns, using the pronunciation foundations developed here.
End of Course Guide
Through these four focused lessons, you’ll gain control over key English pronunciation features — from precise individual sounds to natural connected speech. By the end, you’ll not only sound clearer but also understand how English rhythm and flow work in real communication.
This 4-lesson pronunciation program (each lesson 50 minutes) is designed to help learners of all levels develop clear, natural-sounding English. You’ll move from practicing individual sounds to understanding how English flows in connected speech. The course combines theory, perception work, and guided production so you can improve your intelligibility and confidence.
Course-wide Aims
• Improve your ability to hear and produce key English sounds and speech patterns.
• Increase clarity and natural rhythm when speaking connected English.
• Develop awareness of how English pronunciation works, so you can self-correct and keep improving.
• Build practical strategies to use pronunciation practice effectively in and outside the classroom.
By the End of the Course, You Will Be Able To
• Distinguish and pronounce common minimal pairs accurately.
• Use correct voicing, aspiration, and release for English plosive sounds.
• Recognize and use assimilation and elision in connected speech.
• Produce the American/General-English flap T/D in natural contexts.
• Read and record short passages using fluent, natural speech patterns.
Lesson 1 — Minimal Pairs & Sound Awareness
Aim
To build perception and production accuracy through awareness of minimal pairs and sound features such as voicing, vowel length, and aspiration.
Learning Objectives
After this lesson, you will:
• Identify and pronounce at least 20 minimal-pair examples correctly.
• Explain the main articulatory differences (mouth, tongue, voicing) for each contrast practiced.
Key Concepts
Minimal pairs are word pairs that differ by only one sound (e.g., ship/sheep, bit/beat). Learning to distinguish them improves both listening and speaking clarity.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up: Quick listening game — teacher says one of two words, students indicate which one they heard.
• Sound awareness: Visual explanation with simple IPA symbols and diagrams showing tongue and mouth positions. You’ll feel the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds by touching your throat and observing vibration.
• Listening discrimination: Identify words from minimal-pair lists at both slow and natural speeds, comparing answers with classmates.
• Production drills: Repeat after the teacher chorally and individually, practicing words and short phrases such as “I saw a sheep in the field.”
• Interactive games: Play minimal-pair bingo or find-your-partner activities using word cards and listening cues.
• Reflection: Review common pronunciation difficulties and micro-tips for improvement.
Homework
Record a short audio (1–2 minutes) reading 12 sentences containing minimal pairs studied in class. Focus on accuracy and clarity.
Teacher Notes / Adaptation
Lower levels will use simpler contrasts and visuals; higher levels may include more vowel distinctions and IPA transcription.
Lesson 2 — PLOSIVE Sounds: Articulation, Aspiration, and Release
Aim
To master the articulation and use of English plosives (/p, b, t, d, k, g/), including voicing, aspiration, and release patterns in connected speech.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will:
• Produce aspirated and unaspirated plosives naturally in different word positions.
• Distinguish between released and unreleased plosives in common phrases.
Key Concepts
Plosives (also called “stop” sounds) involve stopping and releasing airflow. In English, voiceless plosives (/p, t, k/) are aspirated at the start of stressed syllables (a small puff of air), while voiced plosives (/b, d, g/) are not.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up review: Refresh voicing knowledge from Lesson 1 with quick examples (e.g., pat/bat, ten/den).
• Articulation practice: Demonstration of closure and release using the hand-in-front-of-mouth technique to feel aspiration.
• Perception and production: Listen to and pronounce word pairs like pin/bin, tip/dip, coat/goat, first in isolation and then in context.
• Released vs. unreleased plosives: Practice differences in phrases such as stop (unreleased) vs. stop it (released before a vowel).
• Connected speech practice: Shadow natural phrases like get up, put it on, take a look, linking plosives smoothly.
• Pair task: Create and record a short dialogue (6–8 lines) containing plosives in various positions; exchange feedback with peers.
• Class feedback: Listen to selected recordings to highlight clear articulation and areas for improvement.
Homework
Write and record 8 sentences featuring initial aspirated, final unreleased, and plosive-cluster words. Self-evaluate with a checklist provided in class.
Lesson 3 — Assimilation and Elision in Connected Speech
Aim
To help you recognize and use assimilation and elision so your speech sounds more natural and your listening comprehension improves.
Learning Objectives
You will learn to:
• Identify assimilation and elision in spoken English.
• Produce these patterns naturally in short sentences and dialogues.
Key Concepts
• Assimilation: One sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound for easier pronunciation (e.g., green park → /griːm pɑːk/).
• Elision: A sound is omitted to make speech faster and smoother (e.g., next day → /neks deɪ/).
These processes are common in natural speech and make English sound more fluid and connected.
Activities and Focus
• Lead-in: Listen to two versions of a phrase — careful and casual — and notice differences.
• Explanation and examples: Learn typical assimilation patterns (e.g., ten boys → /tem bɔɪz/) and elision cases (dropping /t/ in next day).
• Listening discrimination: Identify where assimilation or elision occurs in short recordings.
• Guided repetition: Repeat example sentences first carefully, then naturally, noticing how the sounds merge or disappear.
• Transformation practice: Convert “careful” phrases into more natural spoken forms (e.g., He has to go → He hafta go).
• Role-plays: Practice short conversations (ordering food, telling a story) while applying connected-speech features.
• Awareness reading: Mark reductions in a short paragraph and then read it aloud naturally.
Homework
Transcribe about one minute of authentic English conversation (teacher-provided or podcast). Mark at least three examples of assimilation or elision and explain why they happen.
Lesson 4 — The Flap T/D and Course Integration
Aim
To teach the American/General English flap T/D and integrate all pronunciation features studied throughout the course.
Learning Objectives
After this final lesson, you will:
• Recognize and produce the flap [ɾ] in appropriate contexts (e.g., city, water, better).
• Deliver a short recording that demonstrates accurate use of minimal pairs, plosives, assimilation, elision, and the flap.
Key Concepts
In American and some General-English varieties, the /t/ or /d/ between vowels often becomes a quick, soft flap [ɾ]. For example:
• butter → /ˈbʌɾər/
• city → /ˈsɪɾi/
The flap does not occur in all contexts — usually only between vowels when the second one is unstressed.
Activities and Focus
• Warm-up discrimination: Identify the flap in pairs like city, kitty, committee.
• Mini-lesson: Understand when flapping occurs and when it doesn’t. Compare writer/rider and discuss how vowel length and stress help listeners distinguish them.
• Perception drills: Choose the correct word from minimal-pair recordings (latter/ladder, writer/rider).
• Production drills: Practice both flapped and non-flapped versions of sentences; notice rhythm differences (e.g., I’ll write it down vs. I’ll ride it down).
• Integrated performance: Work in small groups with a short script containing minimal pairs, plosives, connected-speech patterns, and flaps.
• Mark pronunciation targets.
• Rehearse and record a 1-minute dialogue demonstrating clear, natural speech.
• Peer feedback: Exchange recordings and use a rubric to comment on accuracy, connectedness, and natural rhythm.
• Teacher highlights: Listen to model examples and note common strengths or difficulties.
Final Assessment Rubric (Simplified)
CriteriaMax ScoreDescriptionPronunciation accuracy5Clear articulation of sounds and minimal pairsConnected speech5Natural use of assimilation, elision, and flapIntelligibility & naturalness5Easy to understand, good flowFluency & rhythm5Smooth pacing and stress patterns
Each student receives a total score and short personalized feedback on what to continue practicing.
Homework / Ongoing Practice
Keep a daily 2-minute pronunciation diary for one week. Read short texts aloud focusing on one pronunciation area per day (e.g., minimal pairs, plosives, connected speech).
Optional for advanced learners: analyze one minute of an American English recording, identifying flaps and connected-speech patterns.
Course Assessment and Follow-Up
• Formative assessment: Continuous observation during class and review of homework recordings.
• Summative assessment: Final recorded performance (Lesson 4) evaluated using the rubric above.
• Feedback and improvement: You’ll receive two concrete recommendations for continued practice after the course ends.
Optional Extension
Students who wish to continue may take an advanced follow-up focused on English rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns, using the pronunciation foundations developed here.
End of Course Guide
Through these four focused lessons, you’ll gain control over key English pronunciation features — from precise individual sounds to natural connected speech. By the end, you’ll not only sound clearer but also understand how English rhythm and flow work in real communication.
Cafetalk 的取消政策
課程包取消規定
• 「未開始」的課程包(1)隨時可以取消。取消後點數將全額退還。若欲取消「進行中」的課程包(2)，將退還剩餘課程的 50％ 點數。
(1) 「未開始」係指課程包尚未經講師確定。
(2) 「進行中」係指課程包中已有一堂課程經確定。（當講師確定第一堂課程預約後，系統將自動發送課程包剩餘課程的優惠券供之後預約使用。）
(2) 「進行中」係指課程包中已有一堂課程經確定。（當講師確定第一堂課程預約後，系統將自動發送課程包剩餘課程的優惠券供之後預約使用。）
取消單堂課程包課程
• 若欲取消單堂課程包課程而非整個課程包，請至該課程預約詳細頁面取消。取消費依講師的一般課程取消政策而定，但「收取 50% 課程費用為取消費」將不適用。課程包優惠券僅可能返還或抵用。
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- 隨時可以取消。
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- 課程時間前 24 小時以上→ 隨時可以取消。
- 課程時間前 24 小時內 → 講師將可能收取消費。
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