Understanding the differences and usage of "然後" (ránhòu), "後來" (hòulái), and "以後" (yǐhòu) is crucial when learning Chinese. These terms play key roles in expressing time sequences or tenses. In today's video, we will introduce the usage and functions of these three words one by one, helping learners use them more accurately.

#### (1) 然後 (ránhòu):

"然後" is an adverb used to indicate the next action or event in a chronological sequence. It is often used to describe multiple consecutive actions or situations, meaning "next" or "then." For example:

- I first went to the supermarket to buy things, "然後" I went home to cook.

"然後" is mainly used in past or present contexts, but it can also be used for future plans or arrangements. For example:

- We will first finish discussing the matters in the meeting "然後" go for dinner.

#### (2) 後來 (hòulái):

"後來" is also an adverb used to describe events that occurred after a certain point in the past, emphasizing the outcome or situation after a series of past events. This word is usually used for recounting past events and cannot be used for future contexts. For example:

- She was very shy as a child, "後來" she became very outgoing.

#### (3) 以後 (yǐhòu):

Unlike "然後" and "後來," "以後" is a noun indicating a period or time after now or after a specific time point. It can refer to a time period after a future or past event. For example:

- From "tomorrow on," I will start a new job.

- After we graduated, we rarely kept in touch.

When used in the past tense, "以後" refers to any time after a specific point in the past. For example:

- They met once in 2005, "以後" they never saw each other again.

Lastly, "以後" and "之後" can be used interchangeably with essentially the same meaning and are more colloquial.

Summarizing the examples and explanations above, we can conclude:

- "然後" is mainly used to indicate consecutive events and can be used for present, past, and future plans.

- "後來" is limited to talking about the past and describes what happened after prior events.

- "以後" as a noun covers the time after a certain point and can express events occurring after the past or plans for the future.

To clarify the differences in usage timing, we have organized the information in the table below to help learners better understand and remember.

|            | Past | Future |

|-----------|------|--------|

| 然後      | V    | V      |

| 後來      | V    | X      |

| 以後      | X    | V      |

Mastering the distinctions and usages of these three words will help you more accurately express time sequences and tenses, making your Chinese more authentic and fluent.

在學習中文時，理解「然後」、「後來」和「以後」這三個詞的用法和差別非常重要。這些詞彙在表達時間順序或者時態上扮演著關鍵角色，三者詞性不同，可以使用的時間點也不同。今天的影片我們會逐一介紹這三個詞的用法和功能，幫助學習者更準確地使用它們。

（一）然後：

「然後」是一個副詞，用來表示按時間順序發生的下一個動作或事件。它常常用在敘述多個依次發生的行為或情況中，有「接下來」的意味。例如：

- 我先去超市買東西，「然後」回家做飯。

「然後」主要用於過去或現在的情景，但如果是談論計劃或安排，也可以用於未來時態。例如：

- 我們先在會議把事項討論完畢「然後」再去吃晚餐。

（二）後來：

「後來」也是一個副詞，用於描述在某個過去的時點之後發生的事情，強調的是在過去某一連串事件的結尾或之後的情況。這個詞通常用於敘述過去的事，不能用於未來。例如：

- 她小時候很害羞，「後來」變得很外向。

（三）以後

不同於「然後」和「後來」，「以後」是一個名詞，表示從現在或某個特定時間點之後的時期或時間。它可以用來參照未來或過去的某段時間之後。例如：

- 明天「以後」，我會開始新的工作。

- 我們畢業「以後」很少聯絡。

當「以後」用於過去時態中，它表示從過去某個時間點開始之後的任何時間。例如：

- 他們2005年見過一面，「以後」就再也沒有見面。

最後，「以後」跟「之後」可以互換，意思基本上一樣，也比較口語。

總結以上的例子與解釋，我們可以得到以下的結論：

- 「然後」主要用於表示接續發生的事件，可用於現在、過去及未來的計劃。

- 「後來」僅限於談論過去，用來描述在先前事件之後發生的事情。

- 「以後」作為名詞，涵蓋從某一點之後的時間，可用於表達過去後續發生的事或未來的計劃。

在使用的時間點上的差別，我們整理為以下表格，希望可以幫助學習者更容易理解與記憶。

|            | 過去  | 未來 |

|-----------|------|--------|

| 然後      | V    | V      |

| 後來      | V    | X      |

| 以後      | X    | V      |

掌握這三個詞的區別和用法將幫助你更準確地表達時間序列和時態，使你的中文更地道、流暢。